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Black |anthem = ''Giovinezza'' |flag = 150px |country = Italy }} The National Fascist Party (''Partito Nazionale Fascista'', PNF) was an Italian political party, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of fascism (previously represented by groups known as ''Fasci''). The party ruled Italy from 1922 when Fascists took the power with the March on Rome, to 1943, when Mussolini was deposed by the Grand Council of Fascism. Preceding the PNF, Mussolini's first established political party was known as "The Fascist Revolutionary Party" (''Partito Fascista Rivoluzionario'', PFR), which was, according to Mussolini, founded in 1915. After poor November 1919 election results, the PFR was eventually renamed in 1921 to the National Fascist Party. The National Fascist Party was rooted in Italian nationalism and the desire to restore and expand Italian territories, which Italian Fascists deemed necessary for a nation to assert its superiority and strength and to avoid succumbing to decay.〔Aristotle A. Kallis. ''Fascist ideology: territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922–1945''. London, England, UK; New York City, USA: Routledge, 2000. Pp. 41.〕 Italian Fascists claimed that modern Italy is the heir to ancient Rome and its legacy, and historically supported the creation of an Italian Empire to provide ''spazio vitale'' ("living space") for colonization by Italian settlers and to establish control over the Mediterranean Sea.〔Aristotle A. Kallis. ''Fascist ideology: territory and expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922–1945''. London, England, UK; New York City, USA: Routledge, 2000. Pp. 50.〕 Fascists promoted a corporatist economic system whereby employer and employee syndicates are linked together in associations to collectively represent the nation's economic producers and work alongside the state to set national economic policy.〔Andrew Vincent. ''Modern Political Ideologies''. Third edition. Malden, Massaschussetts, USA; Oxford, England, UK; West Sussex, England, UK: Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 2010. Pp. 160.〕 This economic system intended to resolve class conflict through collaboration between the classes.〔John Whittam. ''Fascist Italy''. Manchester, England, UK; New York City, USA: Manchester University Press, 1995. Pp. 160.〕 Italian Fascism, demanding conformity, opposed free-thinking liberalism and opposed Marxist socialism because it opposed Marxism's typical nationalization of industries.〔Stanislao G. Pugliese. Fascism, anti-fascism, and the resistance in Italy: 1919 to the present. Oxford, England, UK: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004. pp. 43–44.〕 But Fascism was also opposed to the traditionalist conservatism developed by Joseph de Maistre and also to the practice of Laissez-faire capitalism - a pillar of modern conservative economics.〔Stanley G.Payne. ''A History of Fascism, 1914–45''. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. Pp. 214.〕 Fascists believed the success of Italian nationalism required respect for tradition and a clear sense of a shared past among the Italian people alongside a commitment to a modernized Italy and believed such a commitment required government "partnership" with, but strict regulation of, industry. The "partnership" aspect included government supplied production quotas based on what centralized committees believed to be national need rather than pursuit ot profit.〔Claudia Lazzaro, Roger J. Crum. "Forging a Visible Fascist Nation: Strategies for Fusing the Past and Present" by Claudia Lazzaro, ''Donatello Among The Blackshirts: History And Modernity In The Visual Culture Of Fascist Italy''. Ithaca, New York, USA: Cornell University Press, 2005. Pp. 13.〕 The National Fascist Party along with its successor, the Republican Fascist Party, are the only parties whose re-formation is banned by the Constitution of Italy: "It shall be forbidden to reorganize, under any form whatever, the dissolved fascist party". ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Fascist Party」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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